法醫科學家透露耶穌的真面目 (1)
Forensic Scientists Reveal What Jesus Really Looked Like — According to Science, That Is
Forensic expert Richard Neave has reconstructed dozens of famous faces over the years, including Philip II of Macedonia, Alexander the Great’s father, and King Midas of Phrygia.
He use to work as a medical artist at the University of Manchester. His job was to apply forensic anthropology to unsolved crimes. This was accomplished by building a portrait in the likeness of the person who was described in the Bible and according to other scientific evidence.
To build a portrait of Christ, Neave relied heavily on the fact that prior to the crucifixion Judas Iscariot had to point out who he was because it was hard to tell him apart from his disciples.
Neave and his team then got a hold of Semite skills from a group of Israeli archaeologists and then created X-ray “slices” of the skulls. This was done with computers, which enabled the creation of digitized muscles and skin — as they would appear on an average Semite skull.
According to historical evidence, Neave found that Jesus would have definitely been bearded and wear short hair. He also would have most likely had tight curls, in keeping with Jewish tradition of the time.
They also concluded that Jesus most likely would have been a bit over 5ft tall, and he would have been weather beaten after working as a carpenter until he was about 30. The result of Neave’s conclusions are as follows:
As you can see, the rendering clashes with paintings most commonly displayed in churches and homes around the world. While the rendering is “scientific” in nature, no one can be 100 percent sure this is how he appeared.
If you refer to the earliest depictions of Christ, you can see the scientists may not have been too far off. The following three images can be dated back to the 3rd century. As you can see via the second and third image, Jesus did appear darker but his hair was longer (second image) and the third image depicts him wearing the shorter, tight curls.
From the first time Christian children settle into Sunday school classrooms, an image of Jesus Christ is etched into their minds. In North America he is most often depicted as being taller than his disciples, lean, with long, flowing, light brown hair, fair skin and light-colored eyes.
Familiar though this image may be, it is inherently flawed. A person with these features and physical bearing would have looked very different from everyone else in the region where Jesus lived and ministered.
Surely the authors of the Bible would have mentioned so stark a contrast. On the contrary, according to the Gospel of Matthew, when Jesus was arrested in the garden of Gethsemane before the Crucifixion, Judas Iscariot had to indicate to the soldiers who Jesus was because they could not tell him apart from his disciples.
Further clouding the question of what Jesus looked like is the simple fact that nowhere in the New Testament is Jesus described, nor have any drawings of him ever been uncovered. There is the additional problem of having neither a skeleton nor other bodily remains to probe for DNA. In the absence of evidence, our images of Jesus have been left to the imagination of artists.
The influences of the artists' cultures and traditions can be profound, observes Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, associate professor of world Christianity at Columbia Theological Seminary in Atlanta. "While Western imagery is dominant, in other parts of the world he is often shown as black, Arab or Hispanic." And so the fundamental question remains: What did Jesus look like?
An answer has emerged from an exciting new field of science: forensic anthropology.( 法醫人類學) Using methods similar to those police have developed to solve crimes, British scientists, assisted by Israeli archeologists, have re-created what they believe is the most accurate image of the most famous face in human history.
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The Body As Evidence
An outgrowth of physical anthropology, forensic anthropology uses cultural and archeological data as well as the physical and biological sciences to study different groups of people, explains A. Midori Albert, a professor who teaches forensic anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.
Experts in this highly specialized field require a working knowledge of genetics, and human growth and development. In their research they also draw from the fields of primatology, paleoanthropology (the study of primate and human evolution) -老考古學家and human osteology-骨格學 (the study of the skeleton). Even seemingly distant fields like nutrition, dentistry and climate adaptation play a role in this type of investigation.
While forensic anthropology is usually used to solve crimes, Richard Neave, a medical artist retired from The University of Manchester in England, realized it also could shed light on the appearance of Jesus. The co-author of Making Faces: Using Forensic And Archaeological Evidence, Neave had ventured in controversial areas before. Over the past two decades, he had reconstructed dozens of famous faces, including Philip II of Macedonia, the father of Alexander the Great, and King Midas of Phrygia. If anyone could create an accurate portrait of Jesus, it would be Neave.
13th Century Byzantine mosaic, San Marco, Venice.
SCALA/ART RESOURCE, NY
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16th Century Renaissance painting by Titian.
GIRAUDON/ART RESOURCE, NY
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Justin Lai (賴正雄)
01/03/2016
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