文法淺釋系列 (82)

英語漫談

文法淺釋系列 (82)

文法(grammar)與句型(sentence patterns)

六、 語態  (Voice) ：

3) 

1.當主動語態之主詞為 indefinite persons (泛指性人稱如they, people,  we )時，

習慣上用:

 It is + P.P. + that + S. + V. 常見動詞如：

It is reported that there are no casualties in the accident. (據報告意外事件中沒有傷亡者。)

       

It is said, believed, (rumored, 謠傳 supposed, speculated 猜測, understood, presumed，expected, …etc.)

It is said that he was bitterly criticized   據說他曾受了嚴厲指責。

= People say that he was bitterly criticized

= They say that he was bitterly criticized.

 =He is said to have been bitterly criticized.

“Poetry is sometimes said to be the least popular of the arts.”

 (詩歌有時被說成是，所有藝術中最不受歡迎的一種)。

= It is said that poetry is sometimes the least popular of the arts.

= They say that poetry is sometimes the least popular of the arts.

*It is proposed that we should each of us, at our next meeting,

produce a piece of our own composing, in order to improve by

mutual observations, criticisms, and correction.

(我們建議下次見面時，每人應有一篇自己的創作，以便作為藉彼此觀摩、

批評和改正而進步。)  ﹝註：of our own composing = composed by ourselves﹞

2. 有時： It is + P.P. that…= adverb (用以修飾全句)：

He was reportedly injured in the right arm.  據說他右手臂受傷。

=Reportedly, he was injured in the right arm.

=It was reported that he was injured in the right arm. (*請參閱副詞部分)

4)

1.     肯定祈使句之被動語態為 . .let + obj (受詞) + be + P.P.

Finish it now; let it be finished now. (立刻做完它)。

   否定句則為  ………………. Do not let + Obj. + be +P.P.

例：Do not let her be injured.    別讓她受傷。比較：

Do not let me down.  別讓我失望。   (注：down  adv. 作受詞補語)

2. * Note: let (為使役動詞)+ Obj. + V, 其後不可接 P.P. 或 v+ing

  *Comp.   Don’t hurt yourself = Don’t let yourself be hurt. 別傷到自己。

5)  Note: 以who 起首的主動句，若改為被動 (passive  voice) 時， 須改為

 By whom….  此種句型為非是非問句之改法：

 Who took my laptop by mistake?   誰拿錯我的手提電腦?

  = By whom was my laptop taken by mistake?

By whom was the car stolen?  (車子被誰偷了？) 主動語態 ( active voice) 應為 Who stole the car?

Justin Lai編

06/30/2014