成吉思汗外傳-(2)

成吉思汗外傳-(2)

10 Brutal Moments In The Conquests Of Genghis Khan-十件鮮為人知的殘暴事實

作者：MARK OLIVER AUGUST 27, 2016

5He Exterminated 1.7 Million People To Avenge One Person-為了報仇某人，他滅絕了1佰70萬人(超過希特勒，遠遜毛澤東-為鬥垮劉少奇，他殺了5仟萬人)

The marriages might have been strategic alliances, but that didn’t mean there wasn’t any love involved. One of Genghis Khan’s daughters loved her husband, a man name Toquchar. Genghis Khan loved him, too, as his favorite son-in-law.

雖然婚姻可能已經為他建立了戰略聯盟，但這並不意味著，他們之間沒有任何的感情。。成吉思汗的女兒之一愛她的丈夫，他名叫Toquchar。而成吉思汗也也喜歡他，把他當作他最喜歡的女婿。

When Toquchar was killed by an archer from Nishapur, his wife demanded vengeance. Genghis Khan’s troops attacked Nishapur and slaughtered every person there. By some estimates, 1,748,000 people were killed. Other historians dispute that number, but there’s no doubt that his armies killed everyone they found.

當 Toquchar 被來自尼沙普爾的弓箭手射殺時，他的妻子要求復仇。成吉思汗的軍隊攻擊尼沙普爾，並屠宰那裡的每一個人。根據一些估計，有1,748,000 人被殺。雖然其他歷史學家對這一數字有爭議，但毫無疑問，他的軍隊卻殺光了他們發現的每一個人。

Women, children, babies, and even dogs and cats were tracked down and murdered. Then they were beheaded, and their skulls were piled into pyramids—a request by Genghis Khan’s daughter to ensure that no one got away with a simple wounding.

婦女、 兒童、 嬰兒，和甚至狗和貓被追蹤，然後被殺害。他們被斬首，然後他們的頭骨被堆成像金字塔 一樣— 那是成吉思汗女兒的請求，以確定沒有一個人，因單純受傷而逃。(寧可錯殺一萬，而不誤放一人)

4The Mongols Had A Victory Feast On Top Of The Russian Nobility-在蘇俄貴族身上舉行的慶功宴

In 1223, the Mongolian army was making its way through Russia and had just won the Battle of the Kalka River. The Russian army had surrendered, their towns had been captured, and the Mongolians decided to celebrate.

在 1223，蒙古軍隊正在進攻俄羅斯，和剛剛贏得了加爾加河之役。俄軍投降，他們的城鎮已被攻破，和蒙古人決定慶祝一番。

The generals and nobility of the Russian army were forced to lie down on the ground. Then a heavy wooden gate was thrown on top of them, chairs and tables were set on top of the gate, and the army sat down for a feast.

將軍和貴族的俄國軍隊被迫躺在地上。然後一個沉重的圓形木門被放在他們身上，椅子，桌上擺在木門上面，蒙古軍就坐在上面舉行一個盛宴。

They held their victory celebration on top of the still-living bodies of their enemies, eating and drinking while Russian princes were crushed to deathbeneath their feet.

他們在仍然活著的敵人身體上舉行慶功宴，飲酒作樂，而一些俄羅斯王子則在板門下面活活被壓死。

3He Diverted A River Through An Enemy’s Birthplace To Erase It Off The Map- 他的大軍穿越敵人的岀生地，使一條河流故道，並使它從地圖上消失。

When Genghis Khan found the Muslim kingdom of Khwarezmia, he did something unusual: He took the peaceful route. A group of diplomats were sent to the city, hoping to establish a trade route and diplomatic ties.

當成吉思汗發現 Khwarezmia 穆斯林王國時，他做了一件非同尋常之事︰ 他採用和平途徑。他派遣一群外交官前往該城市，希望能與他們建立貿易和外交關係。

The governor of Khwarezmia, though, didn’t trust them. He thought the diplomats were part of a Mongolian conspiracy and had them executed. He killed the next group they sent, too.

不過，Khwarezmia，總督不信任他們。他認為派來的外交官是蒙古陰謀的一部分，並處死他們。下一組被派來的人，同樣被殺。

Genghis Khan was furious. He had tried to be nice, and he’d been repaid with dead diplomats. He set up an army of 200,000 soldiers, attacked, and completely destroyed Khwarezmia.

成吉思汗大怒。他本來是一番好意，得到回報卻是，他派出的外交使節被殺。他建立了一支 20萬人的大軍位、 攻擊，並完全摧毀了 Khwarezmia。

Even after he’d won, Khan sent two armies to burn down every castle, town, and farm they found to make sure that no hint of Khwarezmia survived. According to one story, he even diverted a river to run through the emperor’s birthplace, just to make sure it would never appear on a map again.

即使他打贏之後，大汗還送兩支軍隊去燒掉每個城堡、 城鎮和農場，以確保沒有Khwarezmia 倖存的跡象。有一個故事說，他甚至將一條河流改道，去穿越回教皇帝的出生地，只是為了確保它從地圖上消失。

2He Nearly Erased A Kingdom From History For Not Sending Troops-因為某一王國未派兵，他幾乎就把它從地圖上抹去

When Genghis Khan attacked Khwarezmia, he asked the conquered kingdom of Xi Xia to send him troops. They refused. Xi Xia tried to take a bold stand against their oppressor, and they quickly regretted it. The Mongolian army swarmed through Xi Xia, destroying everything that they found. They systematically exterminated every member of the population.

當成吉思汗攻擊 Khwarezmia 時，他請求被征服的-王國西夏派遣軍隊給他。但他們拒絕了。西夏試圖採取大膽的立場，反抗壓迫他們的人，結果他們很快就感到後悔。蒙古軍隊蜂擁而至，大舉攻入西夏，摧毀他們所發現的一切，。他們有系統地消滅了，每一個西夏民族的成員。

     

              花喇子模國

By the end, Xi Xia was erased from history. They hadn’t written down their own stories, so the only records of their existence came from neighboring countries. Their language wasn’t recovered for more than 700 years. It took until the mid-20th century for archaeologists to unearth stones that had their writing on them. In the meantime, every word they had spoken was forgotten.

結果，西夏從歷史中消失。他們沒來得及寫下自己的故事，因此他們的存在的唯一記錄，全來自周邊國家。他們的語言喪失長達 700 多年。直到 20 世紀中期，考古學家才發掘出，他們用來寫作的石頭。在此期間，他們每天所說的每句話都被遺忘了。
     
                     西夏文字
   西夏遺址

Genghis Khan died during the battle, most likely from being thrown from his horse. Still, the Mongolian army carried out his work. They slaughtered every person they found, even after their leader was dead and their enemy had surrendered.

成吉思汗死于此戰役中，最有可能從他的馬背上摔下。儘管如此，蒙古軍隊继承了他未竟之工作。即使在他們的領袖死了，他們的敵人投降後，他們仍然屠殺他們發現的每個人，。

1Everyone Involved In Burying Him Was Killed-參與埋葬他的每個人全遭殺害

When Genghis Khan died, he wanted to be buried where no one could find his corpse. In honor of his wishes, his body was carried miles into the wilderness by a group of slaves escorted by soldiers.

成吉思汗去世後，他想被埋葬在，沒人能找到他屍體的地方。為了尊重他的願望，一群奴隸在士兵的護送下，他的遺體被送到好幾英里外到曠野中。

The slaves buried Genghis Khan in a place no one would ever find. To make sure the slaves would never divulge the secret, the warriors massacred them and threw them into the grave. Then the soldiers rode their horses over it and planted trees on top of it to hide the spot.

奴隸們把成吉思汗埋在沒有人會找到的一個地方。要確保奴隸們將永遠不會洩露秘密，勇士屠殺丁他們，並且把他們的屍體扔進了墳墓。然後士兵們在墓地上，用馬騎去踩，然後植樹于其上以隱藏現場。

When the warriors who buried him made their way back to camp, they were promptly slaughtered as well, just to make sure they would never talk. And so Genghis Khan died in a massacre like the ones that pervaded his life,hidden away in a tomb that has yet to be found.

當士兵們埋好成吉思，準備回營時，也迅速被殺，以確保他們將永遠不會洩露秘密。就這樣成吉思汗死于一場大屠殺，就彌漫著他一生的大屠殺，隱藏在一座尚未被發現的墳墓中。

Editor's Note: 編按：

Although known for the brutality of his campaigns and considered by many to have been a genocidal ruler, Genghis Khan is also credited with bringing the Silk Road under one cohesive political environment. This brought communication and trade from Northeast Asia into Muslim Southwest Asia and Christian Europe, thus expanding the horizons of all three cultural areas.
僅管以軍隊的殘酷及以屠殺魔王之悪名昭彰，但成吉思汗卻也以將絲路置於緊密的政府管理
而聞名。它將通訊和貿易從東北亜，穿越西南亞洲的回教國家，到歐洲基督教國家連結一起，而擴張了這三大文化區域的地平線。

全文完

Justin Lai 編譯

08/31/2016

失蹤的太空船

A lost spacecraft is talking to NASA again after nearly 2 years in the void失蹤近兩年的太空船再度與太空總署聯絡

Dave Mosher,Business Insider Mon, Aug 22 2:20 PM PDT 

08/30/2016

Somewhere on the other side of the sun, almost directly opposite to Earth, a 9-year-old NASA spacecraft has drifted aimlessly through the void, unable to establish contact with our planet, since Oct. 1, 2014.在太陽另一邊，地球正對面，九年新的太空船，自2014年10月1日起，即與地球失去聯絡，漫無目的地漂浮。

At least that was the depressing situation until Sunday night.至少迄周日晚上，那是令人擔憂的情況。

In a statement posted Monday (scroll down for the full version), the space agency says it has finally contacted the STEREO-B solar observatory — an identical twin of another sun-monitoring robot, called STEREO-A — after nearly 2 years of effort.

The spacecraft was about 189 million miles from Earth when NASA finally recontacted it: 當太空總署終於再聯絡上它時，它離地球约一億八仟九佰萬哩

Each STEREO spacecraft launched in 2006 and began circling the sun in slightly different yet Earth-like orbits. 2016年發射的stereo太陽觀測站太空船，以與地球稍微不同的軌道環繞太

That way, scientists could watch our backyard star (and its angry eruptions) from all angles. This also allowed NASA to get amazing 3D views of solar flares, coronal mass ejections, huge loops of plasma, and other solar activity.

Though the $550 million mission was supposed to wrap up in 2008, it was a big success and NASA kept it going.

Here’s the full statement from Karen C. Fox, a NASA spokesperson:

“On Aug. 21, 2016, contact was reestablished with one of NASA’s Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatories, known as the STEREO-B spacecraft, after communications were lost on Oct. 1, 2014. Over 22 months, the STEREO team has worked to attempt contact with the spacecraft. Most recently, they have attempted a monthly recovery operation using NASA’s Deep Space Network, or DSN, which tracks and communicates with missions throughout space.

NOW WATCH: Watch a solar flare capable of radio blackouts on Earth erupt into space 請觀賞影片

UP NEXT

• 
  Now Playing
  1:19
• 
  1:31
• 
  1:11
• 
  1:27
• 
  2:59
• 
  2:02
• 
  2:09

0:02

/ 1:19

Watch a solar flare capable of radio blackouts on Earth erupt into space

blob:https://www.yahoo.com/9496726a-2894-4191-bae2-1f8f9dda718d

Unknown Chenghis Khan-成吉思汗外傳-(1)

成吉思汗外傳-(1)

10 Brutal Moments In The Conquests Of Genghis Khan-十件鮮為人知的殘暴事實

原作者：MARK OLIVER AUGUST 27, 2016

For 30 years, Genghis Khan and his Mongolian horde swept through Asia, slaughtering over one-tenth of the people on Earth and conquering nearly one-quarter of the land. His was the most violent reign in all of human history.
30年，成吉思汗和他的蒙古部落席捲亞洲，屠宰超過十分之一的地球上的人和征服近四分之一的土地。在所有人類歷史上．他實施最殘暴力的統治。

Most people know Genghis Khan through the statistics, but the details are just as mind-boggling. Some stories from his life and his battles are outright unbelievable—and among the most brutal stories you will ever hear. 

通過統計数字，大多數人認識成吉思汗，但其細節是簡直讓人難心驚膽跳。有關他的生活，和他的戰爭的一些故事，是徹底令人難以置信 — 以及你將前所未聞的的最殘酷的故事。(1206-1227在位共21年)

10He Killed His Brother For Not Sharing His Food-他殺死同父異母兄長，因未分食給他

Genghis Khan was born the son of a powerful chieftain, but his situation changed when his father was poisoned by an enemy tribe. The young boy and his family were cast out of their home and forced to scavenge for food, mostly eating plants and discarded carcasses they found on the roads.

成吉思汗為一個強大的部落酋長的兒子，但當他的父親被敵對的部落毒害時，他的人生境況發生重大變化。小男孩和他的家人被趕出家園和被迫覓食，主要吃植物和丟棄在路上發現的屍體。

When he was 14, Genghis Khan found a fish and brought it back to his family, only to have his half brother Behter snatch it from his hands and refuse to share a bite with anyone else. Furious, Genghis Khan stalked his brother until he was alone—and murdered him with a bow and arrow.

他 14 歲時，成吉思汗發現一條魚，把它帶回結他的家人，結果他同父異母的哥哥 Behter從他手裡搶奪了它，並拒絕與別人分享一口。憤怒之下，成吉思汗偷偷地走近他哥哥，直到無人在旁時，用弓箭謀射殺了他。

Genghis Khan didn’t get away with his first murder completely, though. History reports that his mother “scolded” him, so he at least got a good talking-to about how, in this family, we don’t murder our siblings.

但首次的謀殺他人，成吉思汗並未完全被無罪開脫。依歷史記載，他的母親"責罵"了他，因此他至少面對了一頓訓誡，被告誡，在這個大家庭裡，我們不殺自己的兄弟姐妹。

9He Beheaded People For Being Over 90 Centimeters (3′) Tall-他殺害身高超過90公分(3呎) 的人

When Genghis Khan was 20, he led an army against the tribe that killed his father and got his revenge. The Tatar army was crushed, and Genghis Khan set about exterminating the people in an incredibly unusual way.

20歲時，他率領軍隊對抗殺了他的父親的部落，得到了復仇。韃靼族軍隊被擊潰，而成吉思汗竟著手以無法想像的獨特方式來消滅他們。

Every Tatar man was lined up and measured against “the linchpin of a wagon,” which is the axle pin in the middle of the wheel. Anyone who was taller than these pins—which were 90 centimeters (3′) high—was to be beheaded.

每一個韃靼人排隊，以一輛馬車輪子中央的軸銷來量他們的身高，凡是身高比這些制輪楔的針腳高的人 — 即高出 90 公分者一律被斬。

In effect, Genghis Khan’s order slaughtered every male Tatar but the infants.

實際上，在成吉思汗的一聲令下，除嬰兒外，每個男性韃靼全被屠殺。

8His Victims’ Bones Were Mistaken For Mountains-中國被害者屍骨堆積如山

In 1211, Genghis Khan turned his focus to modern-day China and attacked the Jin Empire. It was a reckless decision. The Jin Empire controlled 53 million people, and the Mongols had one million. Still, Genghis Khan won.

在 1211，成吉思汗轉移注意力于現代中國，並攻擊金帝國。這是一個魯莽的決定。因金帝國控制 5300 萬人口而蒙古人只有 100 萬。儘管如此，成吉思汗還是贏了。

Within three years, the Mongols had made their way to Zhongdu (now Beijing). The city walls were 12 meters (39 ft) high and stretched 29 kilometers (18 mi) around the city. It seemed impossible to get in, so they didn’t try.

三年內，蒙古人進攻中都 （今北京） 。當時城牆是 12 米 （39 英尺） 高和城市周圍延伸 29 公里 （18 英里）長。似乎無法攻進去，所以他們亦未嚐試。

Instead, the Mongols starved Zhongdu out. By summer 1215, the people there were so hungry that cannibalism was running rampant inside its walls. Finally, they surrendered, and the Mongols sacked and burned the city.

相反地，蒙古人包圍中都，使城内人無糧可食。到了1215年夏季，城內人們因飢餓而同類相食情況猖獗，以致餓殍遍地。最後，中國人投降，和蒙古人洗劫並燒毀城市。

The massacre was horrific. Months later, a passing eyewitness wrote that “the bones of the slaughtered formed white mountains and that the soil was still greasy with human fat.”

這個大屠殺是可怕的。幾個月後，通過目擊者的記載，「被屠殺人屍骸，堆積如山；而土壤則因人體脂肪之流出而仍然是油膩的」。

7An Enemy Archer Shot Genghis Khan, So He Made The Archer A General-敵軍射箭手射擊成吉思汗，因此該射手被任命為將軍

While at war with the Mongolian Tayichigud clan, Genghis Khan’s horse was hit. An arrow sailed into the animal’s spine, and the horse fell beneath the warlord’s legs, nearly killing him in the process.

在與蒙古 Tayichigud 族交戰中，成吉思汗的馬被射中。箭頭進入馬的脊柱，馬倒在大將軍的雙腿下，在此過程中也幾乎要了他的命。

His army marched on and won the battle, and Genghis Khan went out for revenge. He demanded to know who had fired the arrow. He didn’t expect anyone to confess, so he was probably looking for an excuse for another genocide.

他的軍隊繼續前進並贏得了戰鬥，而成吉思汗則要復仇。他要求知道是誰射的箭。他並不期待任何人出面認罪，所以他可能在尋找另一個滅族的藉口。

But the archer Jebe stepped forward, confessed to the deed, and told Genghis Khan to kill him if he wanted to. Genghis Khan was impressed, so he made Jebe a commander in his army.

但 射箭手Jebe 竟向前走出，供認是他射的，並告訴成吉思汗，願以死承擔罪責。成吉思汗印象深刻，並任命 Jebe 為他部隊的指揮官。

Jebe later rose to be a general and one of the Genghis Khan’s most trusted friends—all as a reward for nearly killing him.

Jebe 後來晉升為將軍，成為成吉思汗的最值得信賴的戰友之一 ，全因幾乎射死他，而賜給的酬勞，。

6He Made His Allies Marry His Daughters And Then Got Them Killed-他把他的女兒嫁給盟國，然後再殺死他們

One of the biggest ways Genghis Khan seized power was by marrying off his daughters to the kings of his allies. When Genghis Khan was behind it, though, even marriage was a death sentence.

成吉思汗奪取政權的最大招術之一，是將女兒嫁給他盟友的國王們。當成吉思汗是背後設計者的時候，甚至婚姻之安排也是一種死刑的判決。

For the privilege of marrying one of Genghis Khan’s daughters, the kings were required to cast out every other wife they had. This wasn’t because he was dedicated to monogamy. It was to make sure that his daughters were the only people in line for the throne.

為了享有娶到成吉思汗的女兒之一的特權，國王們必須趕出他們的每個其他妻子。這並不是因為他致力主張一夫一妻制。而是為了確保他的女兒們，將來都是王位的唯一继承人。

The kings were then sent to the front lines of the Mongolian army. Almost every one died in combat, and his daughters took over their kingdoms. By the time of Genghis Khan’s death, his daughters ruled an area stretching from China’s Yellow Sea to Iran’s Caspian Sea.

   

然後這些國王被送往蒙古軍隊的前線作戰。幾乎每一個人都戰死，他的女兒們也就继承了王位。到了成吉思汗死的時候，他的女兒們統治了，從中國的黃海延伸至伊朗裡海的地區。

未完 

Justin Lai 編譯

08/29/2016