Internet of Things-
The Internet
of Things is the concept of everyday objects – from industrial machines to
wearable devices – using built-in sensors to gather data and take action ...(IoT 乃日常生活物體的概念-舉凡從工業機器到消耗工具-使用內建感應器，到收集資料並採取對策….)
In the coming
years, the number of devices around the world connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) will grow rapidly. Sensors located in buildings, vehicles,
appliances, and clothing will create enormous quantities of data for consumers,
corporations, and governments to analyze. Maximizing the benefits of IoT will
require thoughtful policies. Given that IoT policy cuts across many disciplines
and levels of government, who should coordinate the development of new IoT
platforms? How will we secure billions of connected devices from cyberattacks?
Who will have access to the data created by these devices? Below, Brookings
scholars contribute their individual perspectives on the policy challenges and
opportunities associated with the Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things will be everywhere
Darrell M. West is vice president and director
of Governance Studies and founding director of the Center for Technology
Innovation.
Humans are
lovable creatures, but prone to inefficiency, ineffectiveness, and distraction.
They like to do other things when they are driving such as listening to music,
talking on the phone, texting, or checking email. Judging from the frequency of
accidents though, many individuals believe they are more effective at
multi-tasking than is actually the case.
The reality of
these all too human traits is encouraging a movement from communication between
computers to communication between machines. Driverless cars (無人駕駛車) soon will appear
on the highways in large numbers, and not just as a demonstration project.
Remote monitoring devices will transmit vital signs to health providers, who
then can let people know if their blood pressure has spiked or heart rhythm has
shifted in a dangerous direction. Sensors in appliances will let individuals
know when they are running low on milk, bread, or cereal. Thermostats will
adjust their energy settings to the times when people actually are in the
house, thereby saving substantial amounts of money while also protecting natural
resources.
Implications for surveillance
Susan Hennessey is Fellow in National Security
in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institution. She is the Managing Editor
of the Lawfare blog, which is devoted to sober and
serious discussion of "Hard National Security Choices.”
As the debate
over encryption and diminished law enforcement access to communications enters
the public arena, some posit the growing Internet of Things as a solution to
“Going Dark.” A recently released Harvard Berkman Center report, “Don’t Panic,” concludes
in part that losses of communication content will be offset by the growth of
IoT and networked sensors. It argues IoT provides “prime mechanisms for
surveillance: alternative vectors for information-gathering that could more
than fill many of the gaps left behind by sources that have gone dark – so much
so that they raise troubling questions about how exposed to eavesdropping the
general public is poised to become.”
Director of
National Intelligence James Clapper agrees that IoT has some surveillance
potential. He recently testified before
Congress that “[i]n the future, intelligence services might use the IoT for
identification, surveillance, monitoring, location tracking, and targeting for
recruitment, or to gain access to networks or user credentials.”
But
intelligence gathering in the Internet age is fundamentally about finding
needles in haystacks – IoT is poised to add significantly more hay than
needles. Law enforcement and the intelligence community will have to develop
new methods to isolate and process the magnitude of information. And Congress
and the courts will have to decide how laws should govern this type of access.
For now, the
unanswered question remains: How many refrigerators does it take to catch a
terrorist
With the
coming rise of a 5G network, the Internet of Things will unleash high-speed
devices and a fully connected society. Advanced digital devices(高等數位用品) will enable a
wide range of new applications from energy and transportation to home security
and healthcare. They will help humans manage the annoyances of daily lives such
as traffic jams, not being able to find parking places, or keeping track of
physical fitness. The widespread adoption of smart appliances, smart energy
grids, resource management tools, and health sensors will improve how people
connect with one another and their electronic devices. But they also will raise
serious security, privacy, and policy issues.
Justin
Lai 取自網路
05/25/2016
05/25/2016
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